Asteroid-Belt :The
region between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter (centered around 2.8
AU) in which most asteroids are found. The largest, Ceres, is nearly
1,000 kilometres (600 miles) across and they range in size down to
dust particles. Many thousands have been individually identified and
it is believed that there could be half a million with diameters
larger than 1.6 kilometres (1 mile). However, the total mass of all
asteroids is less than one-thousandth the mass of the Earth. Most
asteroid orbits are concentrated in the asteroid belt between Mars
and Jupiter at distances ranging from 2.0 to 3.3 AU from the Sun.
There are however asteroids in orbits nearer the Sun, such as the
Amor group, the Apollo group and the Aten group, and some more
distant from the Sun, such as the Centaurs. The Trojan asteroids
share Jupiter's orbit. Asteroids can be classified according to
their spectra of reflected sunlight: 75 per cent are very dark,
carbonaceous C-types, 15 per cent are greyish, silicaceous (stony)
S-types and the remaining 10 per cent consist of the M-types
(metallic) and a number of rare varieties. The classes are linked to
the known types of meteorite. The evidence suggests that many
asteroids and meteorites have similar compositions, so asteroids may
be the parent bodies of meteorites. The darkest asteroids reflect
only 3-4 per cent of the sunlight falling on them, while the
brightest reflect up to 40 per cent. Many vary regularly in
brightness as they rotate. In general, asteroids are irregularly
shaped; the smallest asteroids rotate the most rapidly and are the
most irregular in shape. The Galileo spacecraft, on its way to
Jupiter, flew by two asteroids, Gaspra (on 29 October 1991) and Ida
(on 28 August 1993). Detailed images showed their rocky surfaces to
be pitted with numerous craters, and that Ida has a small satellite.
From the ground, it is possible to obtain information about the
three-dimensional structure of asteroids through radar studies using
the large radio dish of the Arecibo Observatory. Asteroids are
believed to be the remnants of the material from which the solar
system formed. This view is supported by the way the predominating
asteroid type changes with increasing distance from the Sun within
the asteroid belt. High-speed collisions between asteroids are now
gradually resulting in their break-up.
Space scientists John Chambers and Jack Lissauer of NASA's
Ames Research Center hypothesize that along with Mercury, Venus,
Earth, and Mars -- the terrestrial, rocky planets -- there was a
fifth terrestrial world, likely just outside of Mars's orbit and
before the inner asteroid belt. Moreover, Planet V was a
troublemaker.
"The extra planet formed on a low-eccentricity
orbit that was long-lived, but unstable," Chambers reported. About
3.9 billion years ago, Planet V was perturbed by gravitational
interactions with the other inner planets. It was tossed onto a
highly eccentric orbit that crossed the inner asteroid belt, a
reservoir of material much larger than it is today. Planet V's close
encounters with the inner belt of asteroids stirred up a large
fraction of those bodies, scattering them about. The perturbed
asteroids evolved into Mars crossing orbits, and temporarily
enhanced the population of bodies on Earth-crossing orbits, and also
increased the lunar impact rate. After doing its destabilizing
deeds, Planet V was lost too, most likely spinning into the Sun, the
NASA team reported.
|
| Neptune |
| Orbital characteristics |
| Mean radius |
4.5043*109km |
| Eccentricity |
0.0097 |
| Revolution period |
164y
288d 13h |
| Synodic period |
367.5
days |
| Avg. Orbital Speed |
5.5
km/s |
| Inclination |
1.774° |
| Number of satellites |
11 |
| Physical characteristics |
| Equatorial diameter |
49572
km |
| Surface area |
7.65*109km2 |
| Mass |
1.024*1026 kg |
| Mean density |
1.64
g/cm3 |
| Surface gravity |
11.0
m/s2 |
| Rotation period |
16h
6.5m |
| Axial tilt |
28.31° |
| Albedo |
0.41 |
| Escape Speed |
23.5
km/s |
| Surface temp. |
| min |
mean |
max |
| 50K |
53K |
N/AK | |
| Atmospheric characteristics |
| Atmospheric pressure |
kPa |
| Hydrogen |
>84% |
| Helium |
>12% |
| Methane |
2% |
| Ammonia |
0.01% |
| Ethane |
0.00025% |
| Acetylene |
0.00001% |
|
We propose that the Solar System contained a
fifth planet with an orbit between Mars and
Jupiter.
Planet V was
Neptune!
The Neptune formed 3.9 billion
years ago, 420 million km from the Sol.We propose that Planet
V--Neptune destabilized the orbit of comet-like bodies and was
ejected on the orbit between Uranus and Pluto.
Neptune:The planet having the second
greatest average distance from the Sun. It was discovered by
Adams and Le Verrier in 1846. It is bluish green and has an
atmosphere of hydrogen and helium, an icy mantle, and a rocky
core. Neptune emits more energy than it receives from the Sun.
It was be visited by Voyager 2 in Aug. 1989, which discovered
six new satellites and a set of ring arcs. Neptune is the
windiest planet in the solar system, with wind speeds of 600 m
s-1 ( Mach 1 at 59 K). The
rings of Neptune are designated 1989N3R, 1989N2R, 1989N4R, and
1989N1R.
|
|
The original Rasko Jovanovic`s formulation of the "
Titius-Bode Law " is now available. This formulation is that the
mean distance R(k) of the planet from the Sun is :
where k = 1-Mercury, 2- Venus, 3- Earth, 4- Mars, 5-
Planet V, 6- Jupiter, 7- Saturn, 8- Uranus, and 9 -
Pluto;
AUN=5= 417.8796 * 106
km;
R(N=5)=5*bin(5) + 5+2 -(1/6)*[1+Ln(1+(1/6))] =
46.8076;
N is the number of the "Titius - Bode Law "
verzion :
we assume N=5 in version of the planet-V and the
mean distance R(k) of the planet(k) from the Sun is:
Here are the distances of planets calculated from this rule and
compared with real ones:
| Planet |
k |
bin(k) |
T-B rule distance*106
km |
Real distance*106
km |
| Mercury |
1 |
0 |
60.402 |
57.91 |
| Venus |
2 |
1 |
105.215 |
108.208 |
| Earth |
3 |
2 |
149.949 |
149.597 |
| Mars |
4 |
4 |
239.286 |
227.940 |
| Planet V |
5 |
8 |
417.8796 |
- |
| Jupiter |
6 |
16 |
775.014 |
778.33 |
| Saturn |
7 |
32 |
1489.245 |
1429.4 |
| Uranus |
8 |
64 |
2917.678 |
2870.99 |
| Neptune |
9 |
96 |
4346.108 |
4504.3 |
| Pluto |
9 |
128 |
5774.523 |
5913.52 |
THE PROBABLE
LOCATION OF THE PLANET X
The orbit of Pluto have some
unregularities, what induces some astronomers to belive in the
existence of a 10th planet of the Solar System. In accordance to the
Bode's Law, was working out a calculation for location the probable
position of the supposed 10th planet.
R(10)={5*256+ 5+2
-(1/6)[1+(1+Ln(1/11)]}*(417.8796/46.8076) *106 km
PLANET X
The probable distance of the average orbit:
11488.1955 * 106 km.
See, also
: